Table 3 |
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|
Association between maternal characteristics and a birth outside a health facility, Asembo/Gem, Western Kenya, December 2002* |
||||
| n (%*) who delivered in a health facility (N = 111) |
n (%*) who delivered outside a health facility (N = 524) |
Factors associated with birth outside a health facility, univariate analysis, OR (95%
CI) |
Factors associated with birth outside a health facility, multivariable analysis, AOR
(95% CI) |
|
|
|
||||
| Age |
||||
| < 18 years |
10 (9.0) |
30 (5.7) |
0.78 (0.36–1.67) |
0.77 (0.28–2.13) |
| 18–19 years |
19 (17.1) |
61 (11.6) |
0.83 (0.46–1.49) |
0.90 (0.45–1.82) |
| 20–29 years |
64 (57.7) |
247 (47.1) |
Reference |
Reference |
| 30–34 years |
10 (9.0) |
98 (18.7) |
2.54 (1.25–5.15) |
1.65 (0.69–3.94) |
| > 34 years |
8 (7.2) |
88 (91.7) |
2.85 (1.31–6.18) |
1.25 (0.48–3.24) |
| Parity |
||||
| Para 1 |
30 (27.0) |
81 (15.5) |
0.80 (0.48–1.33) |
0.98 (0.47–2.05) |
| Para 2–4 |
56 (50.5) |
190 (36.3) |
Reference |
Reference |
| Para ≥ 5 |
25 (22.5) |
253 (48.3) |
2.98 (1.80–4.96) |
1.63 (0.81–3.26) |
| Marital status |
||||
| Single/Widow |
22 (19.8) |
66 (12.6) |
0.58 (0.34–0.99) |
0.90 (0.45–1.81) |
| Married |
89 (80.2) |
457 (87.4) |
Reference |
Reference |
| Socio-economic status |
||||
| Low/medium SES |
49 (46.7) |
303 (58.8) |
1.63 (1.07–2.49) |
1.61 (1.02–2.54) † |
| High SES |
56 (53.3) |
212 (41.2) |
Reference |
Reference |
| Education level |
||||
| < 8 years |
44 (41.5) |
298 (58.4) |
1.98 (1.30–3.03) |
1.68 (1.04–2.69) † |
| ≥ 8 years |
62 (58.5) |
212 (41.6) |
Reference |
Reference |
| Residence |
||||
| Asembo |
60 (54.1) |
259 (49.4) |
0.83 (0.55–1.25) |
|
| Gem |
51 (45.9) |
265 (50.6) |
Reference |
|
| Travel to ANC |
||||
| Walking < 1 hour |
74 (66.7) |
251 (47.9) |
Reference |
Reference |
| Walking 1 hour |
18 (16.2) |
126 (24.0) |
2.06 (1.18–3.61) |
1.71 (0.95–3.07) |
| Walking > 1 hour |
10 (9.0) |
117 (22.3) |
3.45 (1.72–6.92) |
2.75 (1.33–5.68) |
| Used bus or bicycle |
9 (8.1) |
30 (5.7) |
0.98 (0.45–2.16) |
1.24 (0.50–3.07) |
| Previous child-death |
||||
| ≥ 3 times |
3 (2.7) |
44 (8.4) |
4.18 (1.27–13.81) |
1.35 (0.36–5.10) |
| 1 or 2 times |
23 (20.7) |
182 (34.7) |
2.26 (1.37–3.71) |
1.60 (0.89–2.88) |
| None |
85 (76.6) |
298 (56.9) |
Reference |
Reference |
| Previous stillbirth |
||||
| Yes |
14 (12.6) |
59 (11.3) |
0.88 (0.47–1.64) |
|
| No |
97 (87.4) |
465 (88.7) |
Reference |
|
|
|
||||
|
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SES: socio-economic status. Significant odds ratios printed in bold. *Column percentages †The introduction of number of ANC visits (≥ 4 visits, 1–3 visits vs. no visit as reference) in the multivariate model reduced the AOR of Low/medium SES (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 0.85–2.17), and education level < 8 years (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 0.90–2.38), but did not affect the other variables in the model. The AOR for ≥ 4 visits was 15.08 (95% CI 1.99–114), and for 1–3 visits was 2.81 (1.68–4.69). |
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|
van Eijk et al. Reproductive Health 2006 3:2 doi:10.1186/1742-4755-3-2 |
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