Table 4

Estimated coefficients and standard errors from the multilevel competing risks hazard model for the effects on contraceptive failure, abandonment and switching in the five years preceding the survey.

Failure
 Abandonment
 Switching

Coefficient
 S.E.
 Coefficient
 S.E.
 Coefficient
 S.E.
Constant
 -3.050
 0.210
 -2.772
 0.261
 -3.994
 0.252
Method





Pill
 -1.447*
 0.092
 1.099*
 0.170
 -0.787*
 0.104
Condoms
 -0.928*
 0.128
 0.687*
 0.202
 0.227
 0.117
Injections
 -1.083*
 0.225
 1.600*
 0.233
 0.354*
 0.165
Traditional (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
Duration of use (months)





1–3
 0.047
 0.121
 -0.153
 0.090
 0.338*
 0.087
4–6
 0.316*
 0.120
 -0.202*
 0.095
 0.393*
 0.090
7–12
 0.162
 0.112
 -0.304*
 0.086
 0.068
 0.087
13–18
 0.022
 0.128
 -0.105
 0.088
 0.025
 0.095
> 18 (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
Contraceptive intention





Spacing (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.149
 0.104
Limiting
 -0.311*
 0.102
 -0.217
 0.114
 0.000
 -
Region





North
 -0.452*
 0.168
 -0.038
 0.166
 -0.255
 0.174
Northeast (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
Southeast
 -0.260*
 0.108
 -0.888*
 0.133
 -0.403*
 0.123
South
 -0.533*
 0.139
 -1.349*
 0.164
 -0.883*
 0.151
Centre-West
 -0.235
 0.137
 -0.640*
 0.163
 -0.626*
 0.164
Age





≤ 19
 0.147
 0.117
 0.246*
 0.105
 0.137
 0.107
20–24 (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
25–29
 -0.234*
 0.110
 -0.068
 0.112
 0.069
 0.099
30–34
 -0.145
 0.136
 0.295*
 0.146
 0.128
 0.129
35+
 -0.827*
 0.178
 0.450*
 0.183
 -0.145
 0.164
Marital status





Married/living together
 0.450*
 0.123
 0.039
 0.110
 0.274*
 0.110
Other (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
N° of living children





0 (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
1
 -0.275*
 0.124
 -0.343*
 0.121
 -0.160
 0.119
2
 -0.186
 0.149
 -0.485*
 0.162
 -0.318*
 0.153
3+
 0.044
 0.179
 -0.645*
 0.206
 -0.425*
 0.195
Ethnicity





White
 -0.202*
 0.086
 -0.129
 0.103
 0.293*
 0.090
Other (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
Years of schooling





0–3 (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
4–8
 -0.084
 0.110
 -0.373*
 0.132
 0.210
 0.138
9–11
 -0.385*
 0.133
 -0.815*
 0.160
 0.147
 0.153
12+
 -0.618*
 0.208
 -1.157*
 0.248
 0.306
 0.195
Mass media exposure





Watches TV regularly
 -0.049
 0.134
 -0.628*
 0.157
 0.358
 0.189
Does not watch TV (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
Place of residence





Rural (ref)
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
 0.000
 -
Urban
 -0.033
 0.173
 -0.434
 0.240
 0.108
 0.182
Random effects estimators





Cluster level
 0.007
 0.058
 0.010
 0.081
 0.196*
 0.077
Woman level
 0.155
 0.102
 3.260*
 0.178
 2.115*
 0.136

Source: 1996 Demographic and Health Survey (N = 80,407 calendar observations). ref = Reference category. *p < 0.05

Note: Episodes of use of reversible contraceptive methods that began before the five-year calendar period or of sterilization use are not included.

Leite and Gupta Reproductive Health 2007 4:6   doi:10.1186/1742-4755-4-6